Physics

Physics



Scalar
          A scalar is a quantity that has magnitude only.


Vector
           A vector is a quantity that has magnitude and direction.



The moment (or torque) of a force.
                                                      The turning effect of a force (or moment or torque) about a point is defined as the force x the perpendicular distance from the point to the line of action of the force,
i.e. moment = F × d.
UNIT: Nm.


The principle of moments.
                                       For a system to be in equilibrium,
Σ anticlockwise moments about a point = Σ clockwise moments about the same point.


Centre of gravity.
                              The centre of gravity is the single point within a body at which the entire weight of the body is considered to act.



Displacement
                      The displacement of a point B from a point A is the shortest distance from A to B, together with the  direction. 
UNIT: m.

Newton's Laws of Motion

Newton's Three Laws of Motion

Newton's First Law of Motion:

                                               I. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it.

Newton's Second Law of Motion:

                                               II. The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector.

                                        This is the most powerful of Newton's three Laws, because it allows quantitative calculations of dynamics: how do velocities change when forces are applied. Notice the fundamental difference between Newton's 2nd Law and the dynamics of Aristotle: according to Newton, a force causes only a change in velocity (an acceleration); it does not maintain the velocity as Aristotle held. 

                                               This is sometimes summarized by saying that under Newton,

                                       F = ma,

but under Aristotle

                                       F = mv, where v is the velocity.

                                                                               Thus, according to Aristotle there is only a velocity if there is a force, but according to Newton an object with a certain velocity maintains that velocity unless a force acts on it to cause an acceleration (that is, a change in the velocity). As we have noted earlier in conjunction with the discussion of Galileo, Aristotle's view seems to be more in accord with common sense, but that is because of a failure to appreciate the role played by frictional forces. Once account is taken of all forces acting in a given situation it is the dynamics of Galileo and Newton, not of Aristotle, that are found to be in accord with the observations.

Newton's Third Law of Motion:

                                             III. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

                                                This law is exemplified by what happens if we step off a boat onto the bank of a lake: as we move in the direction of the shore, the boat tends to move in the opposite direction (leaving us facedown in the water, if we aren't careful!).

Thermodynamics & Heat transfer

                        The science of thermodynamics deals with the amount of heat transfer as a system undergoes a process from one equilibrium state to another, and makes no reference to how long the process will take.

* Thermodynamics deals with equilibrium states and changes from one equilibrium state to another. Heat transfer, on the other hand, deals with systems that lack thermal equilibrium, and thus it is a non-equilibrium phenomenon.

* Therefore, the study of heat transfer cannot be based on the principles of thermodynamics alone.

* However, the laws of thermodynamics lay the framework for the science of heat transfer.

                       The science of heat transfer deals with the determination of the rates of energy that can be transferred from one system to another as a result of temperature difference.

* The basic requirement for heat transfer is the presence of a temperature difference.

* The second law requires that heat be transferred in the direction of decreasing temperature.

*  The temperature difference is the driving force for heat transfer.

*  The rate of heat transfer in a certain direction depends on the magnitude of the temperature gradient in that direction.

*   The larger the temperature gradient, the higher the rate of heat transfer.

Energy can exist in numerous forms such as:
– thermal,
– mechanical,
– kinetic,
– potential,
– electrical,
– magnetic,
– chemical, and
– nuclear.

*  Their sum constitutes the total energy E (or e on a
unit mass basis) of a system.

*  The sum of all microscopic forms of energy is called
the internal energy of a system.

Energy Transfer
• Energy can be transferred to or from a given mass by two mechanisms:
      – heat transfer, and
      – work.

• The amount of heat transferred during a process is denoted by Q.

• The amount of heat transferred per unit time is called
heat transfer rate, and is denoted by  Q.

The total amount of heat transfer Q during a time interval Δt can be determined from

       Δt

Q = ∫  Qdt (J)

      0

• The rate of heat transfer per unit area normal to the direction of heat transfer is called heat flux, and the average heat flux is expressed as

q  = Q/ A   (W/m²)

Full forms related to mechanical engineering

Related to mechanical engineering

CRDi       :- (Common Rail Direct Injection)

TDi         :- (Turbocharged Direct Ignition)

DTS-i      :- (Digital Twin Spark Ignition)

VTVT       :- (Variable Timing Valve Train)

MPFI       :- (Multi point fuel injection)

ABS        :- (Anti Lock Braking)

SOHC      :- ( Single OverHead Camshaft)

DOHC      :- (Double Overhead Camshaft)

SUV               :- (Sport Utility Vehicle)

MUV        :- (Multi Utility Vehicle)

SAE        :- (Society of Automotive Engineers)

HCV               :- (Heavy Commercial Vehicle)

LCV        :- (Light Commercial Vehicle)

CVTi        :- (Charged motion Variable Time Ignition)

CCVTI     :- (Controlled Combustion Variable Timing Ignition)

EBD               :- (Electronic Brakeforce Distribution)

BHP        :- ( Brake Horse Power)

BMEP      :- (Brake Mean Effective Pressure)

BSFC       :- (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption

CC          :- (Cubic Capacity)

CDI         :- (Capacitor Discharge Ignition)

C.I ENGINE :- (Compression Ignition Engine)

CNG        :- (Compressed Natural Gas)

DFI         :- (Digital Fuel Injection)

DI ENGINE :- (Direct Injection Engine)

EC ENGINE :- (External Combustion Engine)

FHP         :- (Frictional Horse Power)

GVW       :- (Gross Vehicle Weight)

HVAC      :- (Heating ventilating and Air Conditioning)

IC ENGINE :- (Internal Combustion Engine)

IHP         :- (Indicated Horse Power)

IMEP       :- (Indicated Mean Effective Pressure)

ISFC       :- (Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption)

Kph        :- (Kilometer Per Hour)

Kpl         :- (Kilometer Per Liter)

OHV        :- (Over Head Valve)

SFC        :- (Specific Fuel Consumption)

SI ENGINE :- (Spark Ignition Engine)

VDB               :- (Ventilated Disc Brake)

VVTi        :- (Variable Valve Timing)

4WD       :- (Four Wheel Drive(FWD))

2WD       :- (Two Wheel Drive)

TC          :- (Traction Control)

ESC        :-(Electronic Stability Control)

FPEG       :-(Free Piston Engine Generator)

Full forms related to medical

Related to medical

B.A.M.S   :- Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery

B.A.S.L.P : - Bachelor in Audiology and Speech- Language

Pathology

B.D.S      :- Bachelor of Dental SurgeryView

B.E.M.S   :- Bachelor of Electrohomeopathy Medicine and Surgery

B.H.M.S   :- Bachelor of Homoeopathic Medicine & Surgery

B.M.L.T   :- Bachelor of Medical Lab Technology

B.Optom : - Bachelor of Optometry

B.P.T       :- Bachelor of Physiotherapy

B.Pharm :- Bachelor of Pharmacy

B.S.M.S   :- Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery

B.Sc        :- Bachelor of Science

B.U.M.S   :- Bachelor of Unani Medicine & Surgery in Kamil-E-                                                                                             Tibb-O-Jarahat

Bachelor in Rehabilitation Therapy

Bachelor of Alternative System of Medicine

Bachelor of Ayurvedic Pharmacy

B.E.M.S   :- Bachelor of Electro-Homoeopathy Medicine & Surgery

Bachelor of Naturopathy & Yoga Science

Bachelor of Occupational Therapy

Bachelor of Optometry and Ophthalmic Technology

Bachelor of Radio-diognosis & Imaging Technology (B.R.I.T.)

Bachelor of Unani Medicine & Surgery

Full forms related to Engineering

Related to engineering

ANE :-AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

AGR :-AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

AEI :-APPLIED ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGG

AUT :-AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

PHM :-B. PHARMACY (M.P.C. STREAM)

BME :-BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING

BIO :-BIO-TECHNOLOGY

CER :-CHEMICAL (CERAMIC) TECHNOLOGY

CHE :-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

CPE :-CHEMICAL PETRO ENGINEERING

CIV :-CIVIL ENGINEERING

CEE :-CIVIL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

CAB :-COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURAL AND BUSINESS MGMT

CSE :-COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CSS :-COMPUTER SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

DRG :-DAIRYING

DTD :-DIGITAL TECHNIQUES FOR DESIGN AND PLANNING

EEE :-ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ETM :-ELECTRNOICS AND TELEMATICS

ECE :-ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

EIE :-ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

ECM:-ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

ECS :-ELECTRONICS CONTROL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

FSP :-FACILITIES AND SERVICES PLANNING

FPT :-FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

FDS :-FOOD SCIENCE

GIN :-GEO-INFORMATICS

IPE :-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

INF :-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ICE :-INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING

IST :-INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

MCT :-MECHANICAL (MECHTRONICS) ENGINEERING

MEC :-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MET :-METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

MMT :-METALLURGY AND MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY

MIN :-MINING ENGINEERING

MME :-MINING MACHINERY ENGINEERING

NMA :-NAVAL ARCHITECTURE AND MARINE ENGINEERING

PET :-PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY

PHD :-PHARM - D (M.P.C. STREAM)

PLG  :-PLANNING

TEXTEX:-TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

Full forms related to brands

Related to brand

GOOGLE :- GOOGLE IS NOT AN ABBREVIATION . IT IS DISTORTED FORM OF GOOGOL NUMBER (10 TO THE POWER OF 100) , THAT IS 1 FOLLOWED BY 100 ZEROS (0) .

GOOGLE :- Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language Of Earth

YAHOO   :- YET ANOTHER HIERARCHICAL OFFICIOUS ORACLE

INTEL     :- INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS

HP          :- HEWLETT PACKARD

DELL       :- Digital electronic link library.

ACER       :- Acquisition Collaboration Experimentation Reflection.

LG           :- LIFE’S GOOD

 IBM         :- INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES

 WINDOW :- Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work Solution.