Mathematics terms

 Mathematics terms


mathematics -
                     a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement.


≡math, maths

↔rounding, rounding error - (mathematics)
                                                           a miscalculation that results from rounding off numbers to a convenient number of decimals; "the error in the calculation was attributable to rounding"; "taxes are rounded off to the nearest dollar but the rounding error is surprisingly small".


↔truncation error - (mathematics)
                                               a miscalculation that results from cutting off a numerical calculation before it is finished.


↔mathematical operation, mathematical process, operation - (mathematics)
                                              calculation by mathematical methods; "the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation"; "they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic".


↔rationalisation, rationalization - (mathematics)
                                                                       the simplification of an expression or equation by eliminating radicals without changing the value of the expression or the roots of the equation.


↔invariance -
                    the nature of a quantity or property or function that remains unchanged when a given transformation is applied to it; "the invariance of the configuration under translation".


↔accuracy - (mathematics)
                                     the number of significant figures given in a number; "the atomic clock enabled scientists to measure time with much greater accuracy".


↔symmetricalness, symmetry, correspondence, balance - (mathematics)
                                                                                                      an attribute of a shape or relation; exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane.


↔asymmetry, dissymmetry, imbalance - (mathematics)
                                                                          a lack of symmetry.



↔factoring, factorisation, factorization - (mathematics)
                                                                            the resolution of an entity into factors such that when multiplied together they give the original entity.


↔extrapolation - (mathematics)
                                                calculation of the value of a function outside the range of known values.


↔interpolation - (mathematics)
                                              calculation of the value of a function between the values already known.


↔formula, rule - (mathematics)
                                           a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems; "he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs"; "he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials".


↔recursion - (mathematics)
                                        an expression such that each term is generated by repeating a particular mathematical operation.


↔invariant -
                  a feature (quantity or property or function) that remains unchanged when a particular transformation is applied to it
↔multinomial, polynomial - a mathematical function that is the sum of a number of terms.


↔series - (mathematics)
                                the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions.



↔infinitesimal - (mathematics)
                                             a variable that has zero as its limit.


↔fractal - (mathematics)
                                      a geometric pattern that is repeated at every scale and so cannot be represented by classical geometry.


↔science, scientific discipline -
                                               a particular branch of scientific knowledge; "the science of genetics".


↔pure mathematics -
                             the branches of mathematics that study and develop the principles of mathematics for their own sake rather than for their immediate usefulness.


↔arithmetic -
                                the branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations.


↔geometry -
                 the pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces.


↔affine geometry -
                           the geometry of affine transformations.


↔elementary geometry, Euclidean geometry, parabolic geometry - (mathematics)
                        geometry based on Euclid's axioms.


↔Euclidean axiom, Euclid's axiom, Euclid's postulate - (mathematics)
                                                                                             any of five axioms that are generally recognized as the basis for Euclidean geometry.


↔fractal geometry - (mathematics)
                                                   the geometry of fractals; "Benoit Mandelbrot pioneered fractal geometry".


↔non-Euclidean geometry - (mathematics)
                                                             geometry based on axioms different from Euclid's; "non-Euclidean geometries discard or replace one or more of the Euclidean axioms".


↔hyperbolic geometry - (mathematics)
                                                      a non-Euclidean geometry in which the parallel axiom is replaced by the assumption that through any point in a plane there are two or more lines that do not intersect a given line in the plane; "Karl Gauss pioneered hyperbolic geometry".


↔elliptic geometry, Riemannian geometry - (mathematics)
                                                                                a non-Euclidean geometry that regards space as like a sphere and a line as like a great circle; "Bernhard Riemann pioneered elliptic geometry".


↔numerical analysis - (mathematics)
                                                         the branch of mathematics that studies algorithms for approximating solutions to problems in the infinitesimal calculus.


↔spherical geometry - (mathematics)
                                                      the geometry of figures on the surface of a sphere.


↔spherical trigonometry - (mathematics)
                                                   the trigonometry of spherical triangles.


↔analytic geometry, analytical geometry, coordinate geometry -
                                                                                           the use of algebra to study geometric properties; operates on symbols defined in a coordinate system.

↔plane geometry -
                          the geometry of 2-dimensional figures.

↔solid geometry -
                          the geometry of 3-dimensional space.

mathematics

mathematics

algebra
            the branch of mathematics that treats the representation and manip-ulation of relationships among numbers, values, vectors, etc. 


algorism

               1. the Arabic system of numbering.
               2. the method of computation with the Arabic figures 1 through 9, plus the zero; arithmetic.
               3. the rule for solving a specific kind of arithmetic problem, as finding an average; algorithm. 


algorithm
                any methodology for solving a certain kind of problem.


analogism
                 the construction of a proportion.


biometrics, biometry.
                               1. the calculation of the probable extent of human lifespans.
                               2. the application to biology of mathematical and statistical theory and methods. 


calculus
            a branch of mathematics that treats the measurement of changing quantities, determining rates of change (differential calculus) and quantities under changing conditions (integral calculus).


geodesy
              the branch of applied mathematics that studies the measurement and shape and area of large tracts, the exact position of geographical points, and the curvature, shape, and dimensions of the earth. Also called geodetics. 


geometry
                the branch of mathematics that treats the measurement, relationship, and properties of points, lines, angles, and figures in space.


isoperimetry
                     the study of figures that have perimeters of equal length.


logarithmomancy
                         a form of divination involving logarithms.

logistic
                Rare. the art or science of calculation or arithmetic.


mathematics
                     the systematic study of magnitude, quantitites, and their relationships as expressed symbolically in the form of numerals and forms.


metamathematics
                             the logical analysis of the fundamental concepts of mathematics, as function, number, etc. 


orthogonality
                      the state or quality of being right-angled or perpendicular. 


parallelism
                 the quality of being parallel.


philomathy
                 1. Rare. a love of learning.
                 2. a love of mathematics.


planimetry
                the geometry and measurement of plane surfaces.


polynomialism
              a mathematical expression having the quality of two or more terms.


porism
           Rare. a kind of geometrical proposition of ancient Greek mathematics arising during the investigation of some other proposition either as a corollary or as a condition that will render a certain problem indeterminate. 


Pythagoreanism, Pythagorism
                                           the doctrines and theories of Pythagoras, ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician, and the Pythagoreans, especially number relationships in music theory, acoustics, astronomy, and geometry (the Pythagorean theorem for right triangles), a belief in metempsychosis, and mysticism based on numbers. 


quadratics
                the branch of algebra that deals with equations containing variables of the second power, i.e. squared, but no higher.


spheroidicity
                    the state of having a roughly spherical shape. Also called spheroidism, spheroidity.


statistology
                   Rare. a treatise on statistics.


theorematist
                    a person who discovers or formulates a mathematical theorem. 


topology
             a branch of mathematics that studies the properties of geometrical forms that remain invariant under certain transformations, as bending or stretching.


trigonometry
                    the branch of mathematics that treats the measurement of and relationships between the sides and angles of plane triangles and the solid figures derived from them.